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Macro views

Bouncing around the inflation and tariff-tangled macro maze

August 13, 2025 - 2 min
Charts and Smarts August 2025

August 2025 highlights

Fee: Investors have been waiting with bated breath for signs of tariffs bleeding into the inflation data. Despite the downside surprise for core Consumer Price Index (CPI) in June, the print was the first month where tariff-induced inflation was plainly visible. But under the surface, the effects of tariffs have been present and growing for months, as price changes in tariff-sensitive consumer goods and electronics have deviated notably from their disinflationary trend since February, a dynamic that is likely to continue in coming months.

Heavy Things: Tariff-induced inflation may be showing through in core goods, but a tug-of-war is emerging between tariff effects and the ongoing disinflationary process that remains underway in core services. Plenty of disinflation in the shelter cost pipeline will continue to serve as a meaningful offset to any continued tariff-induced inflation in core goods to come. And given the far larger weight of services in the inflation basket, those disinflationary impulses are likely to mute the degree to which core goods inflation pressures headline inflation prints higher.

Down with Disease: Shelter disinflation isn’t the only force that is likely to offset tariff-driven goods inflation. Nominal growth and consumption are cooling, as labor slack continues to build. As a result, any increase in core goods prices simply erodes real incomes and weighs on volumes and real growth. That’s already showing through in the data, as goods inflation has risen 1.65% annualized so far in 2025 as real consumption has contracted. The greater risk from tariffs remains on the labor side of the mandate.

Stash: Another earnings season and another quarter of stronger-than-expected results, as corporate dynamism was on full display with management teams navigating nimbly through the changing policy landscape. But the reaction to the news is more important than the news itself, and despite corporates posting top- and bottom-line beats at a meaningfully higher clip than the historical median, those beats are being only modestly rewarded while misses are being punished heavily. The price action speaks to not only discerning investors, but also the risk that much of that dynamism has been priced in, as risks of a modest pullback are likely to rise as the prevailing narrative around the growth backdrop shifts.

The Divided Sky: The US may be a consumer-driven economy, but with real consumption taking a breather through the first half of the year, the economy increasingly appears to be firing on just one cylinder: artificial intelligence (AI) investment. Over the first half of the year, AI investment has contributed more to real gross domestic product (GDP) growth than consumer spending. There may still be plenty of runway for continued AI spending, but the stasis and outright softening that have taken hold of broader growth momentum are likely to weigh on labor markets to a degree that offsets the still powerful contributions from the AI investment boom.

Macro market trends and themes

Portfolio Strategists Jack Janasiewicz, CFA® and Garrett Melson, CFA® specialize in analyzing global capital market trends, identifying themes and risks, and applying those observations to asset allocation and portfolio construction. Each month they highlight five key macro trends to watch in Charts and Smarts®.

Align allocations with evolving macro scenarios.

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This material is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice. The views expressed may change based on market and other conditions.

The S&P 500® Index or Standard & Poor's 500 Index is a market capitalization–weighted index of 500 leading publicly traded companies in the US.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI), calculated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), measures the monthly change in price for a figurative basket of goods and services.

Real gross domestic product (GDP) is an inflation-adjusted measure that reflects the value of all goods and services produced by an economy in a given year.

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